#Important_notes
India- US Relations:
◆India-US bilateral relations have developed into a "global strategic partnership", based on shared democratic values and increasing convergence of interests on bilateral, regional and global issues.
◆In 2015, both the countries issued a Delhi Declaration of Friendship and adopted a Joint Strategic Vision for Asia-Pacific and the Indian Ocean Region.
▪️Civil-Nuclear Deal:
●The bilateral civil nuclear cooperation agreement was signed in October 2008.
❗️Energy and Climate Change:
◆As a priority initiative under the PACE (Partnership to Advance Clean Energy), the US Department of Energy (DOE) and the Government of India have established the Joint Clean Energy Research and Development Centre (JCERDC) designed to promote clean energy innovations by teams of scientists from India and the United States.
◆India-US Clean Energy Agenda 2030 Partnership was launched at the Leaders climate summit 2021.
❗️Defence Cooperation:
●Defence relationship has emerged as a major pillar of India-US strategic partnership with the signing of ‘New Framework for India-US Defence Relations’ in 2005 which was further updated for 10 years in 2015.
●India and US inked important defence pacts in the last few years and also formalised the four nation alliance of QUAD (India, US, Japan and Australia).
●The alliance is seen as an important counter to China in the Indo-Pacific.
●The Malabar exercise in November 2020 portrayed a high point in Indo-US strategic ties, it was the first time in 13 years that all four countries of QUAD came together sending a strong message to China.
●India now has access to American bases from Djibouti in Africa to Guam in the Pacific. It can also access advanced communication technology used in US defence.
✔️India and US have four foundational defence agreements:
●Basic Exchange and Cooperation Agreement for Geospatial Intelligence (BECA).
●General Security of Military Information Agreement (GSOMIA).
●Logistics Exchange Memorandum of Agreement (LEMOA).
●Communication Compatibility and Security Agreement (COMCASA).
◆India-US Counter-Terrorism Cooperation Initiative was signed in 2010 to expand collaboration on counter-terrorism, information sharing and capacity building.
◆A tri-services exercise– Tiger Triumph- was conducted in November 2019.
◆Bilateral and regional exercises include: Yudh Abhyas (Army), Vajra Prahar (Special Forces), RIMPAC, Red Flag.
✔️Trade:
◆The US is India’s second largest trading partner and a major destination for India’s exports of goods and services.
◆The US replaced Mauritius as the second largest source of foreign direct investment into India during 2020-21.
◆The previous US government ended India’s special trade status (GSP withdrawal) and also imposed several bans, India also retaliated with bans on 28 US products.
◆Current US government has allowed all the bans by the previous government to expire.
❗️Science & Technology:
●Indian Space Research Organisation and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) are working together to realise a joint microwave remote sensing satellite for Earth observation, named NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR).
❗️Indian Diaspora:
◆There is a growing presence of Indian diaspora in all spheres in the US. For example the current Vice-President (Kamala Harris) of the US has a strong Indian connection.
✔️Way Forward
◆The stage has been set for transforming India’s partnership with the US. Afghanistan remains a key area of continuing concern for both India and the US and both sides are now looking at the bigger challenges emerging in the Indo-Pacific, driven by the rise and assertion of China.
◆There is a huge potential to boost bilateral trade between the countries especially on account of increasing anti-China sentiment in both the nations.
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